Assignment Sollution ( MCS-035 )

Session-1

Create the necessary Ledger and Groups to maintain the accounts as follows:
(Maintain Company as “Accounts only”)
Balance Sheet for the Year Ending 31-03-02
Test1 (User’s name)

Details of Creditors bill wise:

Yahoo India
i) Bill No: Yahoo/001/390
Rs. 25000
Dated 01-10-01
ii) Bill No: Yahoo/001/391
Rs. 45000
Dated 01-11-01

Gama India
i) Bill No: Gama/002/400
Rs. 17250
Dated 02-09-01
ii) On Account:
Rs. 12750


Square India
i) Bill No: Square/003/500
Rs. 20000
Dated 02-12-01

Details of Debtors bill wise:

BNP Traders
i) Bill No: Bnp/001/401
Rs. 25000
Dated 01-01-02
ii) Bill No: Bnp/001/402
Rs. 15000
Dated 31-03-02

Electronic India
i) Bill No: Elec/002/301
Rs. 30000
Dated 02-02-02


Smart India
i) Bill No: Smart/003/401
Rs. 10000
Dated 02-08-01
ii) Bill No: Smart/003/402
Rs. 35,000
Dated 02-10-01
iii) On Account
Rs. 15,000


Set the credit days for all debtors is 45 days.

Session 2
Open the Test1 Company and now onwards maintain the Company as “Accounts with Inventory”. Go to Company Feature (F11) > turn on the option “Allow Integrate with Accounts”. Put the details of the following products

Note: After putting the opening balances of products see the final accounts.


Session 3

Open “Test 1” Company and pass the following Transactions:
1. General expenses has been paid Rs. 2500 in cash dated 01-04-02
2. Outstanding salary paid Rs. 8000 dated on 02-04-02 from UTI, cheque no. 740521
3. Stationary paid Rs. 1200 dated on 02-04-2 by cash (Category: stationary, Centre: Paper, Pencil, Rubber; amount will be equally distributed among the centers)
4. Rs. 20,000 paid to Yahoo India against their Bill No. Alfa/001/390 by cheque issued from UTI on 01-05-02 cheque no. 740522
5. Smart India paid Rs. 50,000 for their Bill Nos, Smart/003/401, Smart/003/402 respectively and rest from on account balance on 01-05-02 cheque deposited into SBI Bank (Cheque No. 239309)
6. Machinery has been purchased Rs. 35000 from ABC Ltd. Dated on 02-05-02, Bill no. Abc/004/001
7. Cash withdrawn from SBI Rs. 10,000 dated on 02-05-02 cheque no. 150934.
8. Amount paid Rs. 28,000 to Gama Ltd. against their full dues through SBI cheque no. 150935 dated on 01-06-02
9. Cash deposited into UTI Rs. 13000 dated on 01-06-02.
10. Full amount paid to SquareLtd. with a discount @ 5% dated on 02-06-02.
11. General expenses paid Rs. 1200 from cash dated on 02-07-02 (category: Mis. Exp., Center: Postage, Tiffin divide the amount 40% and 60% respectively).
12. Furniture purchased from Raj & Raj. Rs. 15500 with sales tax @ 10% and freight Rs. 230 on 02-07-02 Bill no. Raj/005/001
13. Rs. 27500 received from Electronic India against their full dues and deposited into UTI on 02-07-02; cheque no: 450987.
14. Paid Rs. 48500 to Yahoo India against Bill no. Alfa/001/390 and Alfa/001/391 through cheques of UTI Rs. 39500 (ch. No: 740523) and SBI Rs. 9000 (ch no.: 150936), rest part of the bill will be treated as discount on 02-07-02.

Session-4

Open the Test 1 Company and enter the following transactions:

Turn off Cost Centre allocation from Sales and Purchase account.

1. Placed a purchase order to TVS & Co. for 15 pcs. Keyboard (Group: Hardware, Category: Input/Output) on 02-07-02: Order no: Tvs/02-03/001
Note: Use “Allow 0 valued entries in Voucher” from Company Feature (F11)
2. Received 10 pcs. Keyboard from TVS & Co. against the order (Tvs/02-03/001) on 01-08-02, Challan no. Tvs/ch/001 store at Malda godown.
3. Received another challan against it order Tvs/02-03/001 for the ret goods from TVS & Co. on 02-08-02 and store it at same godown. Challan no. Tvs/ch/002.
4. Received an invoice against challan nos. Tvs/ch/001 & Tvs/ch/002, with rate @ 750 including W.B.S.T. @ 10% on 01-09-02 bill no. Tvs/006/001
5. Purchased 10 pcs Mouse (Group: Hardware Category: Input/Output) @ Rs. 2.30 from TC Ltd. and get another 2 pieces as free samples on 01-09-02, keep it within Malda godown (Bill No.- Tc/007/001)
6. Returned 5 Pcs. Keyboard to TVS Co. on 02-09-02. (Against Bill no. Tvs/006/001, Debit note no. Tvs/006-ret/001)
Note: W.B.S.T @ 10% will be adjusted with return
7. On 02-09-02 the full dues paid to TVS & Co. with 5% discount.

Session-5

Do the following entries:
1. Sales order received from Milind Agency for 8 pcs. Keyboard on 02-09-02; Order no. Mil/02-03/001
2. Opened a new Bank A/c, City Bank A/c with Rs. 10000 on 01-09-02.
3. 5 Pcs Keyboard delivered from Malda godown to Milind Agency against order no. Mil/02-03/001 on 01-10-02 (challan no. Mil/ch/001).
4. The rest goods against order no Mil/02-03/001 delivered from the same godown on the next day (challan no. Mil/ch/002).
5. Earned 4% interest on IDBI investment for last six months on 01-10-02.
6. Furniture purchased for office use on 01-10-02 of Rs. 5000 from Furnishes & Co. (Bill no. Fur/008/001).
7. Returned 2 pcs Keyboard by Milind Agency from their first challan due to manufacturing defect on 01-10-02 (Ref. no. Mil/004-ret/001) (Use Rejection In). Immediately send the Keyboards to TVS & Co. for future replacement.
Note: Use Stock Journal to give the effect as Stock Outward.
8. Send a bill (Bill no. Mil/004/001) against the pending challans Mil/ch/001 & Mil/ch/002 @ 900 each with the following billing terms on 02-11-02
Trade Discount 2%
Sales Tax 10%
Delivery Charge Rs. 120
9. Paid advertisement bill Rs. 1000 from new City bank (ch. No. 920531) on 01-12-02.
10. Received from Milind Agency 50% due amount against the bill no. Mil/004/001 through cheque (ch. No. 110234) on 01-12-02 and deposited to City bank on the same day.
11. Transfer 12 pcs Mouse from Malda godown to Saithia godown with current stock rate on 01-12-02.
Session-6
Prepare the following Voucher Classes only for sales voucher:
1. Name of voucher sales: Sales-WBST @ 5%
Allow 95% of sale value to Sales A/c and 5% of sale value to Sales Tax A/c.
2. Name of voucher class: Sales- WBST @ 4% Sur@ 1%
Allow 100% of Sale value to Sales A/c
Additional charges will be as follows:
Sale Tax- @4% on total sales
Surcharge- @1% as Surcharge
Freight (Sale)- Rs. 5 based on quantity.
3. Name of Voucher class: Sales-No tax
No additional charges will be added.
4. Do the following entries appropriate Voucher Class
i. Sold 3 Pcs. Floppy Drive @1200, 10 Pcs Picture Tube @ 2500 to Pinak & Co. with Sales Tax 4%, Surcharge 1% and Freight Rs. 5 per quantity from Malda godown on 01-12-02 (Bill no. Pnk/005/001, order/challan is not required).
ii. Sold 500 Ltr Pepsi (300 ml) @22 including Sales Tax 5% to Cola House on 01-12-02 from Saithia godown (Bill no. Cola/006/001).
iii. Sold 800 Ltr Cock (1.5 ltr) @23 to Pine & Co. on 01-12-02 from Malda godown. (Bill no.Pine/007/001)
iv. 300 Ltr Cock (1.5 ltr) distributed as free among school students to get the market on 01-12-02 from Malda godown.
v. BNP Traders paid Rs. 39000 for full settlement of their dues through cheque (Ch. No. 230897) on 01-12-02 and the cheque deposited into SBI on the next day.
vi. Paid Rs. 35000 to ABC Ltd. against Bill no. ABC/004/001 from SBI (ch no. 150937) on 01-12-02.
vii. Raj & Raj charged 5% interest p.a. on their due amount on 01-12-02.
viii. Cola house returned 100 Ltd. Pepsi (300 ml) at Saithia godown on 02-12-02 (Bill no. Cola/006-ret/001), sales tax will be adjusted accordingly.

Session-7

1. Purchased the following items from Gama Ltd. with WBST @ 5% on 01-01-03 and stored into Saithia godown (Bill no. Gama/002/401):

1. Produce 8 Pcs Radio and store to Malda godown Aditional cost: Labor charges Rs. 100 per Radio, Power Rs. 210, Carriage Rs. 120.
Note: Make all payment entries for Additional cost from cash.
2. Salary paid to Mr. Aniket (employee) Rs. 6000 for the month of December 2002, through SBI (ch. No. 150938) dated on 01-01-03.
3. Received Rs. 20000 from Pinak & Co. on full settlement through cheque (ch. No. 450258) on 02-01-03 and deposit the amount to SBI.
4. Paid Rs. 43000 to Gama Ltd. through cheque issued from SBI (ch no. 150939) to clear all dues on 02-02-03.
5. Received 2 Pcs. Keyboard at Malda godown from TVS & Co. as replacement on 01-02-03.
6. Rs. 8800 received from Cola House on 01-02-03.
7. Sold 5 Pcs. Radio to Sony & Co. at 5% profit on the manufacturing price including WBST @5% (Bill no: Sony/008/001).
8. Sony & Co. paid a cheque (ch no. 458023) on full settlement and discount allowed by Rs. 500 duly deposited into UTI on 02-02-03.

End of April Month send Bank Statement of UTI

Session-8

Do the following using Optional voucher mode and check all possible effects using Scenario:

Company wants to check the written down value of the existing assets right now without affecting the account. [charge depreciation @ 40% p.a.]
If a sale occurs for 5 CD of Tally 6.3 with a 10% profit margin, then show what will be the effect on Gross Profit? But don’t give the effect on the Books of Accounts.
Show the Scenario result at the end of March 2003 before providing the salary of Rs. 25000 from UTI for the month of March 2003.
Make two Price Levels for (i) Retailer and (ii) Wholesaler. [Turn on “Set/Modify other Company Features?” from Company Features (F1), then go for the option “Use Multiple Price Levels for Invoicing”]
Set the following ranges of pepsi (300 ml) for Retailer:

Sold of 60 Ltr Pepsi (200 ml) to Pepsi House (Wholesaler) based on Price Levels on 02-02-03 (Bill no. Pep/009/001).

Assignment Sollution ( MCS-033 )

MCS-033
Advanced Discret Mathematics

Answer:1

(i) True, because an depends on all its previous term, therefore order is not defined and since, an is not like a polynomial, so the degree is also not defined.
(ii) False. The generating function for given R, R is 1/(1-x)
(iii) False
(iv) False, because it a tree has n verities then it has n-1 edges.
(v) False.


Answer: 2
(a) (i) The general form of the solution is
k10+(k20+k21 n) (-2)n + (k10+k31n+k32n2)(2)n ________________
(ii) k10+(k20+k21 n) (-2)n + (k30+k31n+k32n2)(2)n + (A0 + A1n)n32n+A2n2)(-2)n

(b) (i) an = 2an-1 + 10000n, n≥1
a0 = 40,000

(ii) an = 60,000 (2)n – 10000n – 20000)
= 10000 (6.2n-n-2)

(iii) Salary for fifth year a1 = 900000 (9 lakh)


Answer: 3

(a) The number of solution to the linear equation x1+x2+x3 where
1≤x1≤3, -1≤x2≤1 and x1≥3, is given by the coefficient of xn in the expansion of (x+x2+x3) (x4+1+x) (x3+x4+…+xn)
(b) We have
10an-1 + 3an-2 – 6an-1 + an = 3(-1)n +5(1/2)n, n≥0 ……….(1)

The characteristic equation is
ahn = C1(-1)n + C2(1/2)n + C3(1/5)n

For apn, Since –1& ½ are roots of characteristic equation with multiplicity one. Thus the particular solution is
apn = A0 n(-1)n + A1 n (1/2)n

From (1) ,we get
An [-18] (-1)n + A1 (9/4)(1/2)n = 3(-1)n+5(1/2)n

On comparing we have
A0 = -1/6, A1 = 20/9
apn = -1/6 n (-1)n –(20/9)n(1/2)n

The general solution is
an = an h + an p = C1 (-1)n + C2 (1/2)n + C3 (1/5)n -1n/6 (-1)n – 20n/9 (1/2)n

(c)
First note that by the bionomial theorem C (2n,n) is the coefficient of xn in (1+x)2n
However, we also have (1+x)2n = [(1+x)n]2 = [C(n,0) + C(n, 1)x + … + C(n,n)xn]2

The coefficient of xn in this expression is C(n,0) C(n,n) + C (n,1) C (n, n-1)+ C(n,2) C (n,n-2) + …. + C (n,n) C (n,0)
n
= S [C(n,k)]2
k=0


Answer:4

(a) we have
bn = bn-1+n2+n(n+1)/2

è bn-bn-1 = 3n2/2 + 1n/2

Using generating function
x x x x
Sbnzn - Sbn-1zn = 3/2Sn2zn + 1/2Snzn
n=1 n=1 n=1 n=1

G(z)-bn-ZG (Z) = 3/2 Z (1+z)/(1-z) + 1z/2(1-z)2

G(z) – b0/(1-z) + 3/2 Z (1+z)/(1-z)4 + 1z/2(1-z)3

è bn = b0 + 3/2n3 + ¼ n(n+1)

(b)
For this question we obtain a sequence like
1, 2, 3, 5, 13 ….

For this
an = an-2 + an-1, where a1 = 2, a0=1

(i) a1 = 2, a2 = 3, a3 = 6, a4 = 8
(ii) an = an-2 + an-1, a3 = 2, a0 =1

The characteristics equation is

r2 = r-1 = 0 è r1= 1+Ö5 /2, r2 = 1-Ö5 /2

an = C1[1+Ö5 /2]n + C2 [1-Ö5/2]n

To find C1 & C2, we use a0 = 1, a1=2

a0=1 è C1+C2 = 1

\a1=2 = C1 [1+Ö5 /2] + C2 [1-Ö5 /2 = 2]

è C1 = 1/Ö5, C2 = -1/Ö5

\ an = 1/Ö5 [1+Ö5 /2]n + 1/Ö5 [1+Ö5 /2]n



Answer:5

(a)
(i) {2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 6}
(ii) v5 v4 v2 v1 v9 v8 v7 v6 v5
(iii) k3(iv) D(G) = Largest vertex degree of G = 6
d(G) = min. degree of vertex = 2

(b) (i) complement of the graph is shown below:


(ii) (a) A«a, g«C, d«H, b«B, f«D, E«C, G«e.
(b) e«A, g«B, C«D, d«C
(c) f«A, b«B, C«d, g«E, e«C

(c) (i) {V1, V3,V5,V7} & {V2, V4, V6, V8}

Complete matching: if every vertex in V1 is matched against some vertex in V2.

(ii) Not bipartite

Answer:6
(a) a b c a g c d f a d e a
(b) Not Hamiltonian

Since, S = {b, d} Î V (G) & S is a propersubset of V(G), by them we should have C (G-S) ≤ S, if G is Hamiltonian.
But S = 2 and C (G-S)= 3 which is a contradiction.
Therefore, G not Hamiltonian

(c) {v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v1} weigh = 22 + 18 + 17 + 20 + 24 = 101
{a, b, d, c e, a} weight = 22 +15 + 17 + 17 + 24 = 95
{a, d, c, b, c, a} weight = 11 + 17 + 18 + 12+ 24 = 82




Answer:7
(a)
(i) Since D(G) = 6. Since there is triangle subgraph of G.
3≤x (a)≤6
(ii) X (G) = 4 colouring in Fig.
(iii) {(a, c, g)(b, d, f)(e, h), (i)}
(iv) No

(b) (i) Non-planar
(ii) Yes.

10an-3 + 3an-2 + 6an-1 + an = 3(-1)n + 5/2n, n≥ 0.

Term-End Examination, Dec -2005 ( CS-13 )

Term-End Examination, December, 2005

CS13 : Operating Systems

Time: 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 75

Note : Question No. 1 is compulsory. Answer any three questions from the rest.


1. (a) Write an algorithm to explain the producer/consumer problem with an unbounded buffer in concurrent programming. (7)

(b) Expiain the functional specifications for partition allocation of memory in a system with static partitioning. List the advantages and disadvantages of it. Also describe the necessary hardware support for protection. (9)

(c) When does a page fault occur ? Describe the action taken by the operating system when a page fault occurs. (6)

(d) What is process migration in a distributed system ? List its advantages. Write the step-by-step procedure to migrate a process to the destination node. (8)


2. (a) A file system, resident on the disk should have the following characteristic features:(i) The file records should be read sequentially as well as randomly.(ii) There should be a practical limit of the file size.(iii) The file space allocated, should neither be under-utilized nor over-utilized.Explain the most suitable file space allocation scheme keeping in mind the features above. Justify your answer. (4)

(b) Explain tbe Flynn's classification of parallel computer architecture. Also, give the classification of shared memory multiprocessors on the basis of memory architecture and access delays. (7)

(c) What is the data structure that records all the information about a particular process in an O/S ? List a the fields for recording various aspects of process execution and resource usage. (4)


3. (a) What is a process ? How is it different from a program ? What are the different states of a process ? How does a process change from one state to another ? (5)

(b) Write, and explain, the deadlock detection algorithm. (6)

(c) List at least four common responsibilities of the file management system in an O/S. (4)


4. (a) What is the primary goal of Authentication ? How can you achieve this goal through (i) the password mechanism, and (ii) artifact-based mechanism ? (7)

(b) Wlth the help of a block diagram explain the client/server division of labour of file system in a workstation based model of distributed computing. (8)


5. (a) Write an algorithm for implementing Dining philosophers problem using semaphores. (7)

(b) Explain the principles of operation of virtual memory. Write any two distinct replacement algorithms. (8)

Term-End Examination JUNE, 2007 (CS-06)

Term-End Examination JUNE, 2007

CS-06 : DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Time : 3 hours...............Maximum Marks : 75

Note : question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any three questions from the rest.

1.(a) A Bank maintains information about customers and their accounts. Each customer has a name, address (ouse number, area, city and state code) and telephone number. Account has number, type and balance. We need to record customers who own an account. Account can be operated individually or jointly.
Design and draw an ER diagram, clearly indicating the attributes, keys, the cardinality ratio and participation constraints. [ 7 ]

(b). What is meant by data abstraction? Explain the differences between physical level, conceptual level and view level of data abstraction. [ 6 ]

(c). Explain at least five important characteristics of OORDBMS. [ 5 ]

(d). For the relation R and S given below, compute natural join and outer join, [ 6 ]

R
A.... B.... C
1.... 2.... 3
4.... 5.... 6
7.... 8.... 9

S

B.... C.... D
2.... 3.... 10
2.... 3.... 11
6.... 7.... 12

(e). Given the following relations: [ 6 ]
Vehicle (reg_no, colour, type)
Person (eno, name, address)
Owner (eno,reg_no)
Write expressions in the relational algebra to answer the following queries:
(i). List the reg_no of vehicles owned by “Sandeep”.
(ii). List the names of persons who own “Indica” cars.
(iii). List details of the black coloured vehicles.


2.(a) Describe DROP TABLE command of SQL with both the options CASCADE and RESTRICT. [ 5 ]

(b). Explain the recovery process after system failure, using checkpoint. [ 5 ]

(c). How is the knowledge representation done through semantic network? Give an example of semantic network.[ 5 ]


3.(a) How does data fragmentation support the distributed a\databses? Explain horizontal and vertical Project (Project_name, Emp_no, Emp_name, Job_class, Emp_location, Salary) [ 6 ]
Note: Assume the suitable data.

(b). What is NULL? Give an example to illustrate testing for NULL in SQL. [ 4 ]

(c). Define and differentiate between ordered indexing and hashing. [ 5 ]


4.(a) Construct a B+ tree for the following set of key values where the number of key values that fit in a node is 3. [ 8 ]
Key Values : (12,2,15,4,123,45,6,7,9,1,3)
Show the steps involved in the deletion of key values 7 and then 6.

(b). Why is BCNF a more desirable normal form than any of the lower order normal forms? Give an example of a relational schema that is in 3NF but not in BCNF. [ 7 ]


5.(a) Define the following with respect to SQL. Also give an example of each. [ 6 ]
(i). UNIQUE function
(ii). ORDER-BY clause
(iii). LIKE predicate

(b). Explain different methods of implementing the following data models: [ 6 ]
(i). Hierarchical Data Model
(ii). Network Data Model
(c). What is the difference between a data base schema and a database state? [ 3 ]

Examination Fees Applicable from DEC2007

Important Notice! IGNOU finally has declare examination fees from TERM END DEC2007 for all its courses. And also change the schedule of submission of form. Now its Rs. 50/- per paper. So if you want to give 10 papers then you have to submit Rs. 50*10= Rs. 500 as examination fees. In their website give it details. They also have change the format of examination form, so now this time when you are filling the examination form be sure that it is new one.
DATE OF SUBMISSION OF EXAMINATION
FORMS FOR DEC TEE---------------------------LATE FEE

1ST SEPTEMBER TO 30TH SEPTEMBER------------NIL
1ST OCTOBER TO 20TH OCTOBER-------------------RS.100/-
21ST OCTOBER TO 15TH NOVEMBER-----------------RS.500/-
16TH NOVEMBER TO 28TH NOVERBER----------------RS.1000/-

Term-End Examination JUNE, 2007 ( CS-09 )

Term-End Examination JUNE, 2007

CS-09 : DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 75

Note : question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any three questions from the rest.

1.(a) Draw the waveforms of (i) ASK, (ii) FSK and (iii) PSK for the data 110101100. [ 6 ]

(b) What is the prupose of multiplexing? Differentiate between time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing. [ 4 ]

(c) Compare Ethernet, token ring and FDDI on following parameters : [ 4 ]
(i) access method
(ii) Signalling
(iii) Data rate
(iv) Error control

(d) Discuss the functioning of Internet Control Message Protocol. [ 4 ]

(e) Explain distance vector routing algorithm with the help of suitable examble. [ 4 ]

(f) For what purpose is leaky bucket algorithm used? Explain any other algorithm used for the same purpose. [ 4 ]

(g) An analog signal is limited to 4 KHz. It is converted to a PCM signal using 8 bit/sample. What is the bit rate on the transmission line? [ 4 ]


2.(a) Differentiate between Baseband Signal and Broadband Signal. [ 5 ]

(b) Explain the following terms with respect to TCP : [ 10 ]
(i) stream data transfer
(ii) Reliable service
(iii) Window size
(iv) Urgent pointer
(v) Checksum


3.(a) At what layer is sliding window protocol used? Explain the protocol and also discuss the issues which are considered while deciding the window size. [ 9 ]

(b) Construct a systematic (7,4) cyclic code using generator polynomial
g(x)=x^3 + x^2 + 1
consider the data vector d=1010. [ 6 ]

4.(a) Enlist the parameters to measure the efficiency of the network and explain in brief. [ 4 ]

(b). What are various signal encoding techniques, used at physical layer of LAN? [ 4 ]

(c). Calculate the number of networks that can exist in class A, B, C IP addresses. Also calculate the number of hosts a network in each class can have. [ 7 ]


5.(a) Explain using diagrams, how the process of formation and pruning of a spanning tree takes place in multicast routing. [ 5 ]

(b). What is the application of Network Address Translation Box? Also explain its operation. [ 5 ]

(c). If signal to noise ration is 7 dB and bandwidth is 10 kHz, find [ 5 ]
(i). the capacity of a channel.
(ii). What should the signal to noise ratio be in dB to increase the capacity by 20% f calculated capacity.

Term-End Examination JUNE, 2007 ( CS-15 )

Term-End Examination JUNE, 2007

CS-15 : RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 75

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any three questions from the rest.

1.( a ) In an organization several projects are undertaken. Each project can employ one or more employees. Each employee can work on one or more projects. Each project is undertaken on the request of a client. A client can request for several projects. Each project has only one client. A project can use a number of items and an item may be used by several projects. Draw an ER-diagram and convert it into a Relational Schema. [ 8 ]

( b ) Describe the multi-version technique for Concurrency Control. [ 7 ]

( c ) How is the check-pointing information used in the recovery operation following a system crash ? [ 7 ]

( d ) Describe two phase commit protocol in distributed databases. [ 8 ]


2.( a ) ( i ) The following relations are used to store data about students, courses and enrolment of students in courses and teachers of courses. (Primary key in relation is marked by *)
Students (rollno*, sname, saddr)
Enrol (rollno, cno*, grade)
Teach (tno*, tname, cno*)
Write Create Table statements for defining the above tables.
Further write SQL statements to get rollno and names of students who have got an ‘A’ grade in a course taught by “Rohan”. [ 9 ]

( ii ) What is QBE ? [ 3 ]

( b ) Why are certain functional dependencies called “trivial functional dependencies” ? Explain. [ 3 ]


3.( a ) Consider the following relations :
ITEM (I#, INAME)
ORDER (O#, ONAME, CNAME)
ORDERITEM (I#,O#)
Write the relational algebra queries for the following :
(i ) Get the details of items ordered by the customer “Sohan”.
( ii ) Get the Item Nos. of items which are included in all orders. [ 6 ]

( b ) Discuss “Wait-die” and “Wound-wait” approaches of deadlock avoidance. Compare these approaches of deadlock avoidance with a deadlock avoidance approach in which data items are locked in a particular order (according to their rank). [ 9 ]


4.( a ) What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of Record-level logging. Page level logging and Query language logging ? [ 9 ]

( b ) describe normalization using join dependency with the help of an example. [ 6 ]


5. Explain the following terms : [ 15 ]
( i ) Physical data independence
( ii ) Sequential data retrieval in hierarchical model
( iii ) Content dependent access control
(iv ) Distributed locking
( v ) Domain integrity